IN terms of medicine, kidney stones or renal calculi Nephrolithiasis called. Kidney stone is a state consists of one or more stones in the pelvis or calyces of the kidney or ureter in the channel. The formation of kidney stones can occur in any part of the urinary tract, but usually formed in two parts most of the kidney, namely in the tubs kidney (renal pelvis) and the renal calix. Stone can be formed from calcium, phosphate, or a combination of uric acid is usually dissolved in the urine.
Kidney stones vary in size, can be either single or double. The stones stay in kidney tubs or to enter into the ureters and can destroy kidney tissue. Large stone will damage the tissue by pressure or cause an obstruction, resulting in back flow of fluid. Most kidney stones can occur repeatedly.
Is the cause? Kidney stones were found on one of 1,000 people, usually more prevalent in men (aged 30-50 years) than women. Also encountered in certain areas. Although it is certainly not known to cause kidney stones, the likelihood is that if the urine becomes too concentrated and substances in urine form crystals in the stone. Other causes are infection, obstruction, excess secretion of parathyroid hormone, in renal tubular acidosis, elevated levels of uric acid (usually in conjunction with inflammation of the joints), damage to the metabolism of several types of materials in the body, too much use of vitamin D or consuming too much calcium .
Symptom Although a large and varied stone location, the pain caused by obsruksi is the main symptom. Large stone with a rough surface that comes into the ureter will increase the frequency and force of contraction ureter automatically. The pain starts from the waist down toward the hips, then to the external genitals. Fluctuating pain intensity and pain is the culmination of tremendous pain. If kidney stones are in tubs and in the calix, the pain settled and less intensity. Back pain occurs when the rock entered obstruction in the kidney. Meanwhile, severe pain in the abdomen occurs when a stone has been moved into the ureter. Nausea and vomiting are always followed severe pain. Kidney stone patients sometimes also experience fever, chills, blood in the urine of stone if injure the ureter, abdominal distension, pus in the urine.
How is the diagnosis? The doctor will ask for symptoms, then perform the following tests:
1.Foto X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to show the existence of kidney stones. 2.Ultrasound kidney, is a non-invasive tests that use high frequency waves will detect obstruction and its changes. 3.Pemberian intravenous dyes and scan to confirm diagnosis and determine the size and location of kidney stones. 4.Analisis stone to determine its mineral content. 5.Analisis urine culture to show the type of bacteria causing the infection, and others.
Preventing and treating How is the treatment? Because 90% of kidney stones less than 5 mm in diameter, is usually sufficient given the water decoction of the plant Desmodium stryracifulium and given to drink 6-8 glasses of water per day, was given antibiotics to prevent infection, as well as reduction of pain medication. In general, the stone will be out within 50-10 days.
If the stone is too large to be released naturally, surgery can be done. If the stones are in the ureter, cystoscopy can be used through the urethra and the stone manipulated with catheters. Rocks from other areas of expenditure (on calix and pelvis) require surgery from the side or lower abdomen. Percutaneus ultrasonic procedure called Lithotripsy and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy will break up kidney stones into small fragments, which can be expelled naturally or by suction.
For the prevention of kidney stones should drink water frequently stryracifolium decoction Desmodium plants, or advisable to eat less calcium, was given medication to prevent uric acid stone formation, and vitamin C which give the acidity of the urine. If the parathyroid glands also include the cause, doctors will recommend actions paratiroidektomi (parathyroid glands removed).
Prognosis: symptoms of kidney stones often cause extreme pain, but usually once removed does not cause permanent damage. It often happens recurrence, particularly when no cause was found and treated.
Complications: 1. Kidney stones recur. 2. Urinary tract infection. 3. Blockage in the ureter. 4. Partial damage of kidney tissue. 5. The decrease or loss of function of the affected kidney.
(Dr. Drs. Hadipratomo Y, undergraduate biology and general practitioners).
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